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Why Linux?

Seek assistance with all types of tech. - computer, phone, TV, heating controls etc.
ReformedCharacter
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Re: Why Linux?

#709076

Postby ReformedCharacter » February 1st, 2025, 1:52 pm

Tedx wrote:So I reformatted the pen drive and downloaded Mint on to it again and I have the live boot back on the laptop.

I tinkered around with gpart but I don't really know what I'm doing. I reinstalled mint on to the laptop but the same problem as before persisted.

Given that a replacement Hard Dive is so cheap and simple to replace is it easier to just buy a new one and install Mint on that?

Ta.

Does your live Mint have 'Disks' on it? On mine it's under 'Preferences' but might be in a different location on yours. That should enable you to format your disk. Ext4 is probably the best format for most uses.

RC

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Re: Why Linux?

#709139

Postby cinelli » February 1st, 2025, 9:46 pm

I hope I can help as I am typing this and running Cinnamon Mint on a Toshiba laptop, possibly not too different from yours. It is at least 7 years old as I bought it second hand in 2018. Mine has only 2Gb of memory. It takes a little time to boot but is responsive thereafter. I would be inclined to proceed as follows:
It is an encouraging sign that you can now boot from a live memory stick.
I suggest deleting any existing partitions from your hard drive. In gparted select the hard drive. Make sure that any existing partitions are unmounted. If necessary right-click on any mounted partition and select Unmount. Then right click on each partition and select Delete. Then click the little tick, top of screen, to apply these changes.
Then with a completely empty, unformatted drive, proceed again with the installation. Supposing this is successful, before trying to reboot. go back into gparted to check how the installer has changed your drive. It should have a small partition 1 (EFI) followed by a large partition 2. If this is the case, you should be in a position to reboot from your drive. It is quite normal to be asked to remove the live Mint, i.e. the memory stick.

Hope this helps.

Cinelli

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Re: Why Linux?

#709143

Postby cinelli » February 1st, 2025, 10:09 pm

Ted - sorry but in my post of about half an hour ago, my suggestion to remove any partitions on your drive supposes that you don't have anything important stored there. In particular I am supposing that you are not trying to create a dual-boot system. If this is the case, please ignore everything I wrote earlier.

Cinelli

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Re: Why Linux?

#709155

Postby servodude » February 1st, 2025, 11:48 pm

Cinelli has already suggested what I was going to.
In essence making your old drive look (logically) like a fresh new one.
Having the single partition reduces the things that can go wrong. I think that the "erase and install" option normal handles most things.
After that it's a case of matching the settings on the motherboard with how the OS has been installed - what needs to be there is a feature of your hardware and settings.

After checking that the EFI partition has been created (as Cinelli suggested) I'd just make sure that the "BIOS" is configured to use UEFI to boot and isn't being forced in to "legacy BIOS" mode (or whatever it calls the old fashioned way). As your previous posts sounded like it wasn't even trying "the next bit" of the boot - which is running the bootloader to start the loading of the OS (suggesting it didn't know what to look for or possibly where to look for it)

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Re: Why Linux?

#709185

Postby Tedx » February 2nd, 2025, 8:26 am

It is my task for later on today.

Thanks chaps. I shall report back in due course.

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Re: Why Linux?

#709199

Postby Infrasonic » February 2nd, 2025, 9:33 am

https://www.howtogeek.com/filesystems-o ... -use-ext4/

As with many things, a typical Linux install offers a choice of filesystems, though the Ext4 filesystem is typically the default for most distros. What are the advantages of those other filesystems, and when should you choose them instead?...
Cont.

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Re: Why Linux?

#709266

Postby Infrasonic » February 2nd, 2025, 5:02 pm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxeRCpg9mfc

Tiny Core Linux is a magical modern Linux distro that can run on literally a potato.


Even got Firefox running on it (a 1999 vintage Toshiba Portege P11).

Tedx
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Re: Why Linux?

#709268

Postby Tedx » February 2nd, 2025, 5:15 pm

Well I tried the things previously suggested (deleting all the partitions etc) earlier on with no success. Yesterday I saw a 250gb internal SSD on Amazon for £14 so I ordered it. It came today and it took two minutes to fit. I always fancied fitting an SSD anyway and and at that price it's no great loss if it doesn't work!

Mints live boot went fine and gpart showed one big partition, so I went to install. That went fine. After it installed the same issue happened.

Boot menu.
HDD / SSD (except it now shows the new drive
CD/DVD
FDD
LAN.

Enter bios setup.

I can enter the BIOS but no further than that.


Upon restarting on liveboot gpart says there are 3 partitions

Dev/SDA1 grub2 core.img 1mb
Sda2 efi system partition fat32 513mb / used 7.17mb
Sda3 ext4 223mb / used 11.35gb.

All of them show 'not mounted'

Via gpart, The memory pen shows Linux mint 22.1.

I can't see any reference to that on the laptop disk

In the BIOS there is a 'USB Legacy emulation' which I've tried on and off with no difference.

I get the feeling I've done something in the BIOS.

Once again any pointers gratefully received

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Re: Why Linux?

#709279

Postby ReformedCharacter » February 2nd, 2025, 6:08 pm

Tedx wrote:
Boot menu.
HDD / SSD (except it now shows the new drive
CD/DVD
FDD
LAN.

Enter bios setup.

I can enter the BIOS but no further than that.

Upon restarting on liveboot gpart says there are 3 partitions

Dev/SDA1 grub2 core.img 1mb
Sda2 efi system partition fat32 513mb / used 7.17mb
Sda3 ext4 223mb / used 11.35gb.

In the BIOS there is a 'USB Legacy emulation' which I've tried on and off with no difference.

I get the feeling I've done something in the BIOS.

<variously snipped>

Once again any pointers gratefully received

The USB Legacy Emulation is likely a red-herring. If you post the Tosh model then we may be able to see what the BIOS options are, difficult otherwise.

RC

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Re: Why Linux?

#709287

Postby Tedx » February 2nd, 2025, 6:23 pm

If I disable the USB Legacy option it doesn't liveboot. I learnt that one relatively quickly :-)

Toshiba Satellite C660-21Z

Thanks

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Re: Why Linux?

#709291

Postby Infrasonic » February 2nd, 2025, 6:40 pm


Urbandreamer
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Re: Why Linux?

#709292

Postby Urbandreamer » February 2nd, 2025, 6:49 pm

Tedx wrote:If I disable the USB Legacy option it doesn't liveboot. I learnt that one relatively quickly :-)

Toshiba Satellite C660-21Z

Thanks


I can't swear to it, but I think that aspect is a bit more complicated.

Basically in legacy mode the BIOS may expect boot drives to have a certain structure. UEFI a totally different structure.
Some BIOS's will boot off a legacy structured USB while not in legacy mode. Others require the USB to also be structured in GPT format when booting from a USB if the BIOS is not in legacy mode..

You might want to chose Rufus rather than Etcher to create your live USB stick.

While I'm normally a fan of Etcher, it does have it's limitations.

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Re: Why Linux?

#709295

Postby ReformedCharacter » February 2nd, 2025, 7:08 pm

Tedx wrote:If I disable the USB Legacy option it doesn't liveboot. I learnt that one relatively quickly :-)

Toshiba Satellite C660-21Z

Thanks


Here's the manual (probably):

https://www.manuals.co.uk/toshiba/satellite-c660/manual?p=1

You don't have a CD in the drive perchance?

The manual shows how to change the BIOS settings from Windows HW setup utility but you don't have that. On the assumption that they are the same as those available by pressing F2 on startup.

The BIOS has an option to revert to factory settings, I would try this first:

https://www.manuals.co.uk/toshiba/satellite-c660/manual?p=108

If that doesn't work try changing the boot priority order (probably not for the first time :) )

https://www.manuals.co.uk/toshiba/satellite-c660/manual?p=110

This post seems to suggest that entering a supervisor password makes other options appear (slightly later model):

https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxquestions/comments/x7or6r/toshiba_satellite_pro_c66022x_is_not_compatible/

Unfortunately I haven't been able to find anything that will show what you will see in the BIOS because all the manuals I have looked at just show the Windows HW setup utility, frustrating!

RC

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Re: Why Linux?

#709301

Postby GrahamPlatt » February 2nd, 2025, 7:34 pm

Infrasonic wrote:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxeRCpg9mfc

Tiny Core Linux is a magical modern Linux distro that can run on literally a potato.




Linx can run in a .pdf

https://github.com/ading2210/linuxpdf

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Re: Why Linux?

#709722

Postby Tedx » February 4th, 2025, 3:47 pm

Not usre if this would be any help to any one?



boot-repair-4ppa2081 [20250204_1204]

============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================

=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 2048
of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and
looks for (,gpt3)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:

modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_gpt biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

sda1: __________________________________________________________________________

File system: BIOS Boot partition
Boot sector type: Grub2's core.img
Boot sector info:

sda2: __________________________________________________________________________

File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/BOOT/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg

sda3: __________________________________________________________________________

File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Linux Mint 22.1
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img

sdb: ___________________________________________________________________________

File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/FD/sdb: /dev/sdb already mounted or mount point busy.
dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.


================================ 1 OS detected =================================

OS#1 (linux): Linux Mint 22.1 on sda3

================================ Host/Hardware =================================

CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller from Intel Corporation
Live-session OS is Linuxmint 64-bit (Linux Mint 22.1, xia, x86_64)

===================================== UEFI =====================================

BIOS/UEFI firmware: 1.80(1.80) from TOSHIBA
The firmware seems EFI-compatible, but this live-session is in Legacy/BIOS/CSM mode (not in EFI mode).


39bc76ff6662f4fbe9aa116e4c997b41 sda2/BOOT/fbx64.efi
4ba5a5aad43c197e9fb58b76b404d287 sda2/BOOT/mmx64.efi
66f69798ad23240e43b7ba0044a914c4 sda2/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
4ba5a5aad43c197e9fb58b76b404d287 sda2/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
07e25dcaf57c776875f78fa36827c58e sda2/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
07e25dcaf57c776875f78fa36827c58e sda2/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi

============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================

Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________

sda : is-GPT, hasBIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes

Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________

sda3 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-pc grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, end-after-100GB
sda2 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far

Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________

sda3 : isnotESP, fstab-has-goodEFI, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, ext4
sda2 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, vfat

Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________

sda3 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sda2 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda

fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________

Disk sda: 223.57 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Disk identifier: A41367E6-3B6C-4C57-BDBA-15A0B223ED2D
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System
sda3 1054720 468860927 467806208 223.1G Linux filesystem
Disk sdb: 114.6 GiB, 123048296448 bytes, 240328704 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x2e213007
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdb1 * 64 5636095 5636032 2.7G 0 Empty
sdb2 8460 18699 10240 5M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
sdb3 5636096 240328703 234692608 111.9G 83 Linux

parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________

sda:240GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ATA Lexar SSD NQ100:;
1:1049kB:2097kB:1049kB:::bios_grub;
2:2097kB:540MB:538MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
3:540MB:240GB:240GB:ext4::;
sdb:123GB:scsi:512:512:unknown: USB SanDisk 3.2Gen1:;

blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________

NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 8fb622d7-49d1-4403-8f59-249a4580d951
├─sda2 vfat 2664-C1D0 2070485b-3bdf-40a0-9357-1f31db8ce534 EFI System Partition
└─sda3 ext4 19323431-e0b1-4686-83f1-1a63d76f64e7 7ee2dd6d-4f99-4478-8bc6-974ba9c08899
sdb iso9660 2025-01-10-14-57-02-00 Linux Mint 22.1 Xfce 64-bit
├─sdb1 iso9660 2025-01-10-14-57-02-00 2e213007-01 Linux Mint 22.1 Xfce 64-bit
├─sdb2 vfat 6781-353E 2e213007-02
└─sdb3 ext4 7b344d87-5507-43bc-bfc9-512015f86ad8 2e213007-03 writable
sdc

Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________

Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 505.8M 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sda3 198.4G 4% /target
/dev/sdb1 0 100% /cdrom

Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________

/dev/sda2 vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
/dev/sda3 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
/dev/sdb1 iso9660 ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048,iocharset=utf8

===================== sda2/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================

search.fs_uuid 19323431-e0b1-4686-83f1-1a63d76f64e7 root hd0,gpt3
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg

====================== sda3/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================

Linux Mint 22.1 Xfce 19323431-e0b1-4686-83f1-1a63d76f64e7
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
UEFI Firmware Settings uefi-firmware
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

========================== sda3/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================

# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=19323431-e0b1-4686-83f1-1a63d76f64e7 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=2664-C1D0 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

======================= sda3/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`( . /etc/os-release; echo ${NAME:-Ubuntu} ) 2>/dev/null || echo Ubuntu`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

==================== sda3: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================

GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
100.746910095 = 108.176171008 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
11.842338562 = 12.715614208 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
174.638256073 = 187.516399616 boot/vmlinuz 2
174.638256073 = 187.516399616 boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-51-generic 2
11.870113373 = 12.745437184 boot/initrd.img 3
11.870113373 = 12.745437184 boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-51-generic 3
11.870113373 = 12.745437184 boot/initrd.img.old 3

===================== sda3: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18133 Apr 4 2024 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43202 Apr 4 2024 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14513 Apr 4 2024 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 786 Apr 4 2024 25_bli
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13120 Apr 4 2024 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1174 Apr 4 2024 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 722 Dec 5 15:53 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Apr 4 2024 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Apr 4 2024 41_custom



Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________

The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub-efi of
sda3,
using the following options: sda2/boot/efi
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s use-standard-efi-file

Blockers in case of suggested repair: __________________________________________

/target detected. Please close the Linuxmint installer, then retry. The current session is in BIOS-compatibility mode. Please disable BIOS-compatibility/CSM/Legacy mode in your UEFI firmware, and use this software from a live-CD (or live-USB) that is compatible with UEFI booting mode. For example, use a live-USB of Boot-Repair-Disk-64bit (www.sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd), after making sure your BIOS is set up to boot USB in EFI mode. This will enable this feature.

Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________

Please do not forget to make your UEFI firmware boot on the Linux Mint 22.1 entry (sda2/efi/****/grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message) file) !
The boot of your PC is in BIOS-compatibility/CSM/Legacy mode. You may want to retry after changing it to UEFI mode.

sprunge.us ko ()

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Re: Why Linux?

#709743

Postby Tedx » February 4th, 2025, 5:09 pm

cinelli wrote:I hope I can help as I am typing this and running Cinnamon Mint on a Toshiba laptop, possibly not too different from yours. It is at least 7 years old as I bought it second hand in 2018. Mine has only 2Gb of memory. It takes a little time to boot but is responsive thereafter. I would be inclined to proceed as follows:
It is an encouraging sign that you can now boot from a live memory stick.
I suggest deleting any existing partitions from your hard drive. In gparted select the hard drive. Make sure that any existing partitions are unmounted. If necessary right-click on any mounted partition and select Unmount. Then right click on each partition and select Delete. Then click the little tick, top of screen, to apply these changes.
Then with a completely empty, unformatted drive, proceed again with the installation. Supposing this is successful, before trying to reboot. go back into gparted to check how the installer has changed your drive. It should have a small partition 1 (EFI) followed by a large partition 2. If this is the case, you should be in a position to reboot from your drive. It is quite normal to be asked to remove the live Mint, i.e. the memory stick.

Hope this helps.

Cinelli


Thanks Cinelli

I followed you instructions to the letter and before I rebooted this was what gparted was showing:

Image

After reboot though, it was the same screen as before

Image

I think I'll leave it at that. I'll make a decision whether to bin it or book it into our friendly repair shop.

Cheers guys

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Re: Why Linux?

#709749

Postby ReformedCharacter » February 4th, 2025, 5:58 pm

Tedx wrote:
I think I'll leave it at that. I'll make a decision whether to bin it or book it into our friendly repair shop.

Cheers guys

Having had a look around on Google, it seems that problems installing Linux on older Toshiba models such as yours are quite common. So your laptop may not be actually broken. One suggestion that worked for other people is to install an earlier version of Mint, v 20.3 was successful for some. Of course it would be understandable if you're fed up with it by now :)

RC

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Re: Why Linux?

#709811

Postby servodude » February 4th, 2025, 10:03 pm

ReformedCharacter wrote:
Tedx wrote:
I think I'll leave it at that. I'll make a decision whether to bin it or book it into our friendly repair shop.

Cheers guys

Having had a look around on Google, it seems that problems installing Linux on older Toshiba models such as yours are quite common. So your laptop may not be actually broken. One suggestion that worked for other people is to install an earlier version of Mint, v 20.3 was successful for some. Of course it would be understandable if you're fed up with it by now :)

RC


I still get the impression that it's "almost done" - just not binding the bootloader to the BIOS (which will be a EFI vs legacy thing)
I also suspect that if you could boot the "USB drive in UEFI mode" the install would "just work" (i.e. the process is being altogether "too clever" and making assumptions about what to do given how it is running)
- if there isn't an option to boot the USB that way (which would need your USB to set up to do so, and your MBoard BIOS to allow it) you'll likely have to do the low level plumbing yourself

One hit that seems to get a bit of love on line is in:
https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxquestions/comments/x7or6r/toshiba_satellite_pro_c66022x_is_not_compatible/

viz:
It worked, Ubuntu is running on my laptop.

To summarize:

1: Boot Ubuntu Live

2:Open Gparted

3:Select View - Device information

4:Check if the partition table is GPT and if so, delete it.

5:Choose Device - Create partition table. Select partition type msdos and apply.

6:Create partitions for swap and root (and home if you wish)

7:Apply all changes

8:Run the Ubuntu installer and select "Something else" for manual partitioning

9:Double click the partition you will use for the system files and set the mount point to /.

10: Finish and ignore the message asking you to create an EFI partition. Click continue.


Might be worth a shot given the models seem to match

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Re: Why Linux?

#709870

Postby Infrasonic » February 5th, 2025, 10:26 am

Just for anyone else reading this thread and wondering about putting Linux on an old PC - it's best to research your specific model in advance to avoid these issues that Tedx has run into. If there are model specific issues they generally turn up on the Linux forums so a search first will save potential wasted time.

There are also long lists of PC's on the web that have no issues with Linux of various flavours, lists of maybes/sometimes (fine if you have the technical skills to workaround) and even lists of don't even go there!

A further complication is that it isn't generally OEM specific, one model may be fine but another from the same OEM isn't. Even within model ranges you'll get variations in third party hardware and firmware suppliers and that can be enough to throw a successful first time install off.

I've never had an issue with a Linux installation (plenty of issues after that... ;) ) but that is just luck rather than judgement. I always do model specific searches first though.

Tedx
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Re: Why Linux?

#709872

Postby Tedx » February 5th, 2025, 10:46 am

On the other hand, I am learning about partitions and using gparted and a load of other things. Every cloud and all that....


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